Chapter 1: A New World.

     "Voice of Freedom"     

1- What does the petition tell us about the extent of religious toleration in the seventeenth century?
The book tells us that Jews were unsafe in the seventeenth century. They were forced to change their religion to be Christians. The Jews had only one place to be safe to have their own religion and that was Netherlands. So, a lot of Spanish and Portuguese Jews moved to there after the restraint from the Eastern Europe especially. So, The Jews were suffering in the seventeenth century.

2- How do the petitioners argue that allowing Jew to settle will benefit New Netherlands?

The petitioners had some facts that were important for the New Netherlands. One of these facts is Power that they have. And that was shown while they are controlling the ships and the military. And that was without any hand from the Dutch government. The petitioners also considered the Jews faithful. Because they were well know as a honest people in Brazil nation. As well the economy was developing and that's what the petitioners want. After all the Jews were free to have their own religion in this nation.

"Give Me LIberty"

1- Describe why the discovery of America was one of the most important events recorded in the history of mankind, ” according to Adam Smith”

According to Adam Smith, the goods such as fur and wildlife not found in Europe. The discovery allowed for better trading. Europeans were able to increase the "enjoyments". European settlers were able to own more land and were given a better opportunity to worship. Free labor.

2- What were the main factors fueling the European age of expansion?

The European conquest of America began as an offshoot of the quest for a sea route to India, China, and the islands of the East Indies, the source of the silk, tea, spices, porcelain, and other luxury goods on which international trade in the early modern era centered. For centuries, this commerce had been conducted across land, from China and South Asia to the Middle East and the Mediterranean region. Profit and piety—the desire to eliminate Islamic middlemen and win control of the lucrative trade for Christian western Europe—combined to inspire the quest for a direct route to Asia.