Ch 5: The American Revolution, 1763-1783.

     "Voice of Freedom"     

1. Why do you think the Virginia House of Burgesses adopted the first four resolutions but rejected the first three?

In the eighteenth century, the Virginia House of Burgesses only accepted the first four of seven resolutions on the Stamp Act because the last three were too drastic. The first four resolutions were requests which treat the people equally and with a little independence, and they didn’t allow taxes or laws to pass without representation. The last three instead would have lowered the colonists’ liberty. One law, for example, would have said that it is possible to pass laws and taxes without any representation.

2. What would be the difference between the resolutions’ arguments on “British freedom” and appealing to a more universal concept of liberty?

What England considered as “British freedom” could not be compared to the liberty the Americans had. What they called freedom was more a law connected to several rules. The British freedom was always affected by the king and the British people. The American liberty enabled the colonies to back out of the political connection with Great Britain and to create their own independent rules and laws. The rules and laws of the American liberty was fairer than the ones of the British freedom.

"Give Me LIberty"

1. Discuss the ramifications of using slaves in the British and Continental Armies. Why did the British authorize the use of slaves? Why did the Americans? How did the slave benefit?

The British and the Continental Armies deployed black people as recruits during the Revolution war in the eighteenth century. The Americans under George Washington first refused blacks in their army, but Washington changed his mind after he saw that the British hired blacks for their army. The blacks who joined the armies were offered freedom after their service, so over 5,000 blacks joined the both armies. Besides the South of the colonies, they didn’t offered freedom to the slaves who joined the army but they recied some independence.

2. Why did people in other countries believe that the American Revolution (or Declaration of Independence) was important to them or their own countries?

The American revolution let other countries realize that they can fight for their own independence and that every person in a country has a “voice”. America introduces other countries to the concept of democracy and away from monarchy. The Revolution made it happen that people could vote for their own government and that they had a choice. America renounced itself from Britain, their former ruler and created their own independence.

Chapter 3: Creating Anglo-America, 1660-1750.

"Voice of Freedom"

1- What are penn's arguments in favor of religious liberty?

Pennsylvania was last colony established By English in seventeenth century. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn in 1680. Penn assumed the colony as a place for religious persecution in Europe could enjoy spiritual freedom. His argument was to held the spirit of God to make a live within all people, not just elect. It was also about the Bible, and the teachings of the clergy to offer the guidance in spiritual matters. Thus, the government could not enforce in religious worship in the colony. Penn principled the religious toleration, although office holding to Christians was limited.

2- Why does the document refer to "the rights of the free-born subjects of England”?

“Free born subjects of England” was the right where promises would be enjoyed by the colonists. For the well governing of the colonial territories and provinces, there was an Assembly yearly chosen by the freemen. And it consists of four persons of each county for wisdom and virtue. The Assembly should have a power to choose Speakers and officers, prepare Bills in order to pass the Laws. It should have all powers and privileges for an Assembly, according to the rights of the free born subjects of England.

"Give Me LIberty"

1- Both the Puritans and William Penn viewed their colonies as “holy experiments.” How did they differ?

In the seventeenth century, William Penn envisioned it as a place where those facing religious persecution in Europe could enjoy spiritual freedom and colonists and Indians would coexist in harmony. Penn was largely responsible for the frame of government announced in 1677, the West Jersey Concessions, one of the most liberal of the era. However, the Puritans try to reform and practice Puritan religion. They give a free colony for all mankind that should go hither.  He hoped them the equality of all persons before God and the primacy of the individual conscience. Religious freedom was Penn’s most fundamental principle. Penn’s aggressive efforts to publicize the colony’s advantages, attracted immigrants from all over western Europe.

2- How did English leaders 

understand the place and role of the american colonies in England’s empire?

By the mid-eighteenth century, the different regions of the British colonies had developed distinct economic and social orders. They are settlements of back-country which was the most rapidly growing region in North America. As late as 1750, eight cities in Spanish America exceeded in size any in English North America. English American cities served mainly as gathering places for agricultural goods and for imported items to be distributed to the countryside. Meanwhile, the trade also expanded, the North American and West Indian colonies became the major overseas market for British manufactured goods. The mainland colonies carried on a flourishing trade in fish and grains with southern Europe.

Chapter 2: Beginnings Of English America, 1607-1660.

"Voice of Freedom"

1- What advantages does the Virginia Company see in the promotion of family life in the colony of Virginia?

In that time there were a lot of men comparing to the women. The rate is like four of five men to one woman. So, the Virginia Company wanted to give the man servants the demand to have him works in the tobacco fields. So, the Company were sending some tobacco as brides to immigrant women. the Virginia strategy is to control the men servants by prepared marriages to the immigrant women.

2- Why does the company prefer that the women marry landowning men rather than servants?

Because, it's like a business deal between the immigrant women sender and the the Virginia Company. Men outnumbered women about four to one so even a servant could marry a wealthy plantation owner It seems like, exchange between women and tobacco. So, the women sender asked the Lord of the Virginia Company to preserve families and prefer the married men first then the single ones.

"Give Me LIberty"

1- How did the tobacco economy draw the Chesapeake colonies into the greater Atlantic world?

Tobacco started to become really popular the colonies wanted to be imported and started the basis of the economy. Integrated into the greater Atlantic trade, which caused an increase in slavery.

2- In what ways did the economy, government, and household structure differ in New England And the Chesapeake colonies?

In New England, settlers arrived in families. These settlers were older than those in VA and MA and more balanced in the ratio of gender. MA was organized in towns which had local government. Land was handled with grants and while land was used for agriculture, it also remained common. Each town had a church and school. The government was controlled by shareholders of the MA Bay Company, which created the General Court, enabling churchgoing freemen to vote for governor.

Chapter 1: A New World.

     "Voice of Freedom"     

1- What does the petition tell us about the extent of religious toleration in the seventeenth century?
The book tells us that Jews were unsafe in the seventeenth century. They were forced to change their religion to be Christians. The Jews had only one place to be safe to have their own religion and that was Netherlands. So, a lot of Spanish and Portuguese Jews moved to there after the restraint from the Eastern Europe especially. So, The Jews were suffering in the seventeenth century.

2- How do the petitioners argue that allowing Jew to settle will benefit New Netherlands?

The petitioners had some facts that were important for the New Netherlands. One of these facts is Power that they have. And that was shown while they are controlling the ships and the military. And that was without any hand from the Dutch government. The petitioners also considered the Jews faithful. Because they were well know as a honest people in Brazil nation. As well the economy was developing and that's what the petitioners want. After all the Jews were free to have their own religion in this nation.

"Give Me LIberty"

1- Describe why the discovery of America was one of the most important events recorded in the history of mankind, ” according to Adam Smith”

According to Adam Smith, the goods such as fur and wildlife not found in Europe. The discovery allowed for better trading. Europeans were able to increase the "enjoyments". European settlers were able to own more land and were given a better opportunity to worship. Free labor.

2- What were the main factors fueling the European age of expansion?

The European conquest of America began as an offshoot of the quest for a sea route to India, China, and the islands of the East Indies, the source of the silk, tea, spices, porcelain, and other luxury goods on which international trade in the early modern era centered. For centuries, this commerce had been conducted across land, from China and South Asia to the Middle East and the Mediterranean region. Profit and piety—the desire to eliminate Islamic middlemen and win control of the lucrative trade for Christian western Europe—combined to inspire the quest for a direct route to Asia.